Black. Planet. com — Black Women, Men Meet to Chat, Discuss, Engage. We have music, jobs, forums, chat, photos, dating personals and groups all targeted to the specific interests of the Black community. Black. Planet is the original, and still the best, website for it all. BLACKPLANET RADIOCreate your own spin on our music with over 1. Listen for FREE to thousands of playlists, including exclusives from. Black. Planet Universe of websites. Be the DJ yourself and. YOUR spin. on OUR music. Read. more about Black. Planet Radio here. Electropaedia History of Science and Technology, Development of Science, Technology and Inventions. History of Technology(With a special mention of batteries)You may find the Search Engine, the Technology Timeline or the Hall of Fame quicker if you are looking for something or somebody in particular. See also the timeline of the Discovery of the Elements. Go Directlyto the Year. Period? Pre 3. 00 B. C. 3. 00- 1 B. C. A. D. 1. 00. 0- 1. The Inspiration - There's more to batteries than you might think. Background. We think of a battery today as a source of portable power, but it is no exaggeration to say that the battery is one of the most important inventions in the history of mankind. Volta's pile was at first a technical curiosity but this new electrochemical phenomenon very quickly opened the door to new branches of both physics and chemistry and a myriad of discoveries, inventions and applications. The electronics, computers and communications industries, power engineering and much of the chemical industry of today were founded on discoveries made possible by the battery. Pioneers. It is often overlooked that throughout the nineteenth century, most of the electrical experimenters, inventors and engineers who made these advances possible had to make their own batteries before they could start their investigations. They did not have the benefit of cheap, off the shelf, mass produced batteries. For many years the telegraph, and later the telephone, industries were the only consumers of batteries in modest volumes and it wasn't until the twentieth century that new applications created the demand that made the battery a commodity item. Get information, facts, and pictures about United States at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about United States easy with credible. You have no Favorite Channels. To follow a channel click the. If you wish to view your Favorite Channels from anywhere on the site, click on the My Favorites link. POF Has More Dates, More Relationships, More Visits Than Any Other Dating Site. There are over 3 million active daily users on POF, we are the largest dating site. After being taken down twice by Blogger within a single week, we got the message: It’s Time To Go. Gates of Vienna has moved to a new address. Worlds largest free African-American online community where Black women and Black men meet to chat, discuss and engage on what matters to us. In recent years batteries have changed out of all recognition. No longer are they simple electrochemical cells. Today the cells are components in battery systems, incorporating electronics and software, power management and control systems, monitoring and protection circuits, communications interfaces and thermal management. The Content - It's not just about batteries. Scroll down and see what treasures you can discover. History of Technology from the Bronze Age to the Present Day. Circa 3. 00. 0 B. C. At the end of the fourth millennium B. C. Bronze is a relatively hard alloy of copper and tin, better suited for the purpose than the much softer copper enabling improved durability of the weapons and the ability to hold a cutting edge. The use of bronze for tools and weapons gradually spread to the rest of the World until it was eventually superceded by the much harder iron. Mesopotamia, incorporating Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria, known in the West as the Cradle of Civilisation was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (The name means . Called Cuneiform Writing from the Latin . The writing was in the form of a series of wedge- shaped signs pressed into soft clay by means of a reed stylus to create simple pictures, or pictograms, each representing an object. The clay subsequently hardened in the Sun or was baked to form permanent tablets. For the first time news and ideas could be carried to distant places without having to rely on a messenger's memory and integrity. Hieroglyphic script evolved slightly later in Egypt. Though the script appeared on vases and stone carvings, many important Egyptian historical scripts and records were written in ink, made from carbon black (soot) or red ochre mixed with gelatin and gum, applied with a reed pen onto papyrus. Produced from the freshwater papyrus reed, the papyrus scrolls were fragile and susceptible to decay from both moisture and excessive dryness and many of them have thus been lost, whereas the older, more durable clay cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia have survived. Historians seem to agree that the wheel and axle were invented around 3. B. C. Pictograms on a tablet dating from about 3. B. C. Evidence from Ur indicates that the simpler potter's wheel probably predates the use of the axled wheel for transport because of the difficulty in designing a reliable mechanism for mounting the rotating wheel on a fixed hub or a rotating axle on the fixed load carrying platform. Sumerian mathematics and science used a base 6. The Mesopotamians thus introduced the 6. The calendar adopted by the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians was based 1. Since the average lunar month is 2. To keep the calendar aligned to the seasons they added seven extra months in each period of 1. Despite decimalisation, we still use these sexagesimal measures today. The Mesopotamians discovered glass, probably from glass beads in the slag resulting from experiments with refining metallic ores. They were also active in the development of many other technologies such as textile weaving, locks and canals, flood control, water storage and irrigation. There are also claims that the Archimedes' Screw may have been invented in Mesopotamia and used for the water systems at the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. B. C. Sometimes known as the . A form of soldering to join sheets of gold was known to be used by the Mesopotamians in Ur. Fine metal working techniques were also developed in Egypt where filigree jewellery and cloisonn. He was the world's first named architect and administrator who around 2. B. C. Papyri were unearthed in the nineteenth century dating from around 1. B. C. The first outlines surgical treatments for various wounds and diseases and the second contains 8. Imhotep the world's first recorded physician. Other contemporary papyri described Egyptian mathematics. Egyptian teachings provided the foundation of Greek science and although Imhotep's teachings were known to the Greeks, 2. Father of Medicine to Hippocrates. The Solar-Cooler is the world’s first Portable, Solar-Powered Refrigeration Cooler. Plug into the sun, and keep your food and drinks cool. Diabetes And Cerebral Edema Get the Latest Urban News, Interviews and Videos from VladTV Daily! B. C. The earliest evidence of the art of stencilling used by the Egyptians. Designs were cut into a sheet of papyrus and pigments were applied through the apertures with a brush. The technique was reputed to have been in use in China around the same time but no artifacts remain. B. C. The Xia dynasty in China perfected the casting of bronze for the production of weapons and ritual wine and food vessels, reaching new heights during the Shang dynasty (1. B. C.). Circa 2. 00. B. C. The process for making wrought iron was discovered by the Hittites, in Northern Mesopotamia and Southern Anatolia (now part of Eastern Turkey), who heated iron ore in a charcoal fire and hammered the results into wrought (worked) iron. See more about wrought iron. B. C. Fine wire also made by the Egyptians by beating gold sheet and cutting it into strips. Recorded in the Bible, Book of Exodus, Chapter 3. Verse 3, - . Around this date, after his escape from Egypt, Moses ordered the construction of the Ark of the Covenant to house the tablets of stone on which were written the original . Its construction is described in great detail in the book of Exodus and according to the Bible and Jewish legend it was endowed with miraculous powers including emitting sparks and fire and striking dead Aaron's sons and others who touched it. It was basically a wooden box of acacia wood lined with gold and also overlaid on the outside with gold. The lid was decorated with two . In 1. 91. 5 Nikola Tesla, in an essay entitled . He claimed that the gold sheaths separated by the dry acacia wood effectively formed a large capacitor on which a static electrical charge could be built up by friction from the curtains around the Ark and this accounted for the sparks and the electrocution of Aaron's sons. Recent calculations have shown however that the capacitance of the box would be in the order of 2. It seems Tesla's explanation was appropriately named. B. C. The magnetic properties of the naturally occurring lodestone were first mentioned in Greek texts. Also called magnetite, lodestone is a magnetic oxide of iron (Fe. O4) which was mined in the province of Magnesia in Thessaly from where the magnet gets its name. Lodestone was also known in China at that time where it was known as . In it, he attributed the name . Thus another myth was born. Pliny was killed during the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius near Pompeii in A. D. The Greek philosopher and scientist, Thales of Miletus (6. B. C.) - one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece - was the first thinker to attempt to explain natural phenomena by means of some underlying scientific principle rather than by attributing them to the whim of the Gods - a major departure from previous wisdom and the foundation of scientific method, frowned upon by Aristotle but rediscovered during the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. He travelled to Egypt and the city state of Babylon in Mesopotamia (now modern day Iraq) and is said to have brought Babylonian mathematics back to Greece. The following rules are attributed to him: Any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle. Known as the Theorem of Thales it was however known to the Babylonians 1. A circle is bisected by any diameter. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. The opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines are equal. Two triangles are congruent (equal shape and size) if two angles and a side are equal. The sides of similar triangles are proportional. Using the concept of similar triangles he was able to calculate the height of pyramids by comparing the size of their shadows with smaller, similar triangles of known dimensions. Similarly he calculated the distance to ships at sea by noting the azimuth angle of the ship from a baseline of two widely spaced observation points a known distance apart on the shore and scaling up the distance to the ship from the dimensions of a smaller similar triangle. In this way he was able to calculate the distance to far off objects without measuring the distance directly, the basis of modern surveying. Thales also demonstrated the effect of static electricity by picking up small items with an amber rod made of fossilised resin which had been rubbed with a cloth. He also noted that iron was attracted to lodestone. Thales left no writings and knowledge of him is derived from an account in Aristotle's Metaphysics written nearly 3.
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